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@ARTICLE{2025JGeod..99....2B,
       author = {{Bagherbandi}, Mohammad and {Sj{\"o}berg}, Lars E.},
        title = "{A short note on GIA related surface gravity versus height changes in Fennoscandia}",
      journal = {Journal of Geodesy},
     keywords = {GRACE, Gravity change, Land uplift, Gravimetry, Fennoscandia, Glacial Isostatic Adjustment, Engineering, Geomatic Engineering},
         year = 2025,
        month = jan,
       volume = {99},
       number = {1},
          eid = {2},
        pages = {2},
     abstract = "{Vertical land motion and the redistribution of masses within and on the
        surface of the Earth affect the Earth's gravity field. Hence,
        studying the ratio between temporal changes of the surface
        gravity <inline-formula id=``IEq1''><mml:math
        id=``IEq1\_Math''><mml:mfenced close=``)'' open=``(''><mml:mover
        accent=``true''><mml:mi>g</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover>
        </mml:mfenced></mml:math></inline-formula> and height (<inline-
        formula id=``IEq2''><mml:math id=``IEq2\_Math''><mml:mover accen
        t=``true''><mml:mi>h</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml
        :math></inline-formula>) is important in geoscience, e.g., for
        reduction of gravity observations, assessing satellite
        gravimetry missions, and tuning vertical land motion models.
        Sj{\"o}berg and Bagherbandi (2020) estimated a combined ratio of
        <inline-formula id=``IEq3''><mml:math
        id=``IEq3\_Math''><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent=``true''><mml:mi>g
        </mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo
        stretchy=``false''>/</mml:mo><mml:mover accent=``true''><mml:mi>
        h</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math></
        inline-formula> in Fennoscandia based on relative gravity
        observations along the 63 degree gravity line running from
        V{\r{a}}gstranda in Norway to Joensuu in Finland, 688 absolute
        gravity observations observed at 59 stations over Fennoscandia,
        monthly gravity data derived from the GRACE satellite mission
        between January 2003 and August 2016, as well as a land uplift
        model. The weighted least-squares solution of all these data was
        <inline-formula id=``IEq4''><mml:math
        id=``IEq4\_Math''><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent=``true''><mml:mi>g
        </mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo
        stretchy=``false''>/</mml:mo><mml:mover accent=``true''><mml:mi>
        h</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math></
        inline-formula> = ‑ 0.166 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 0.011
        {\ensuremath{\mu}}Gal/mm, which corresponds to an upper mantle
        density of about 3402 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 95 kg/m$^{3}$. The
        present note includes additional GRACE data to June 2017 and
        GRACE Follow-on data from June 2018 to November 2023. The
        resulting weighted least-squares solution for all data is
        <inline-formula id=``IEq5''><mml:math
        id=``IEq5\_Math''><mml:mrow><mml:mover accent=``true''><mml:mi>g
        </mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo
        stretchy=``false''>/</mml:mo><mml:mover accent=``true''><mml:mi>
        h</mml:mi><mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math></
        inline-formula> = ‑ 0.160 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 0.011
        {\ensuremath{\mu}}Gal/mm, yielding an upper mantle density of
        about 3546 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 71 kg/m$^{3}$. The outcomes show
        the importance of satellite gravimetry data in Glacial Isostatic
        Adjustment (GIA) modeling and other parameters such as land
        uplift rate. Utilizing a longer time span of GRACE and GRACE
        Follow-on data allows us to capture fine variations and trends
        in the gravity-to-height ratio with better precision. This will
        be useful for constraining and adjusting GIA models and refining
        gravity observations.}",
          doi = {10.1007/s00190-024-01921-7},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025JGeod..99....2B},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}