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@ARTICLE{2025JHyd..66233951A,
       author = {{Aryal}, Saugat and {Pokhrel}, Yadu},
        title = "{Spatio-temporal heterogeneities in hydrologic dynamics across the Asian Water Tower}",
      journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
     keywords = {Asian Water Tower, Hydrologic heterogeneity, Hydrological-hydrodynamic modeling, Floods, Terrestrial water storage, GRACE},
         year = 2025,
        month = dec,
       volume = {662},
          eid = {133951},
        pages = {133951},
     abstract = "{This study presents a multi-decadal (1979{\textendash}2018) analysis of
        hydrologic changes across the entire Asian Water Tower (AWT)
        region, using high-resolution hydrological-hydrodynamic
        modeling. We find significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in
        hydrological trends across the AWT basins, characterized by
        diverse changes in river discharge, water storage, flood
        regimes, and terrestrial water storage (TWS) dynamics. Western
        basins such as the Amu Darya and Tarim show increasing flood
        risks (up to {\ensuremath{\sim}}60\% increase in flood
        occurrence) and significant snow water equivalent (SWE)
        contributions to TWS (up to {\ensuremath{\sim}}41\%), while
        central basins are transitioning to regions of increasing water
        scarcity with strong subsurface storage contribution evident in
        the Ganges (up to {\ensuremath{\sim}}79\%). The dominance of
        subsurface storage reaches its peak in the eastern basins, where
        the Yangtze and Yellow River exhibit the highest proportions
        ({\ensuremath{\sim}}78\% and {\ensuremath{\sim}}83\%
        respectively), with the Yangtze further distinguished by a
        notable river storage contribution ({\ensuremath{\sim}}21\%). In
        contrast, southeastern basins including the Mekong, Irrawaddy,
        and Salween present complex, temporally varying patterns that
        defy simple categorization. These findings highlight the complex
        interplay of surface and subsurface processes in the AWT,
        underscoring the need for basin-specific approaches in water
        resource management and climate change adaptation strategies.}",
          doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133951},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025JHyd..66233951A},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}