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@ARTICLE{2026AdSpR..78.2988Z,
       author = {{Zhang}, Ruwei and {Zhang}, Wanwei and {Shao}, Xiaowei and {Wang}, Fuhong and {Yu}, Yong and {Li}, Mingzhe and {Gong}, Xuewen and {Zhou}, Pei},
        title = "{Precise real-time orbit determination for LEO satellites using accelerometer data as observations}",
      journal = {Advances in Space Research},
     keywords = {Low earth orbit (LEO), Accelerometer observations, Broadcast ephemeris, Real-time orbit determination (RTOD), Geomagnetic disturbances},
         year = 2026,
        month = aug,
       volume = {78},
       number = {3},
        pages = {2988-3002},
     abstract = "{Accurate and stable real-time orbit determination (RTOD) for Low-Earth
        Orbit (LEO) satellites is essential for diverse scientific and
        operational missions. However, conventional GPS-based RTOD
        suffers substantial accuracy degradation during intense space-
        environment disturbances, such as geomagnetic storms. Diverging
        from conventional approaches that substitute non-conservative
        force models with accelerometer data in dynamic models, in this
        study we integrate accelerometer data as observations into the
        RTOD filter. A first-order Gauss--Markov process establishes an
        optimized stochastic model for empirical acceleration
        estimation. The method was comprehensively validated using 200
        days of GNSS, accelerometer, and attitude data from GRACE-FO and
        SWARM-C satellites during 2024 solar maximum conditions.
        Compared to conventional GPS-based RTOD without accelerometer
        data, adding accelerometer data reduces the 3D position RMS
        error by at least 30\%, specifically, accuracy improved from
        0.415 m to 0.287 m for GRACE-C and from 0.455 m to 0.298 m for
        SWARM-C. In general, this approach significantly enhances RTOD
        accuracy, stability, and robustness in harsh space environments
        while substantially reducing sensitivity to geomagnetic
        disturbances.}",
          doi = {10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.070},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026AdSpR..78.2988Z},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}