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@ARTICLE{2026GeoRL..5323318W,
       author = {{Wei}, Xiaolong and {Jiang}, Guoying and {Zhu}, Yajun and {Li}, Yongping and {Ai}, Jiangzhao and {Han}, Tingwei and {Le}, Huijun and {Zhang}, Aibin and {Xu}, Jiyao},
        title = "{Global Observational Comparison of Large-Scale Traveling Atmospheric and Ionospheric Disturbances During the May 2024 Geomagnetic Storm}",
      journal = {\grl},
     keywords = {LSTADs, LSTIDs, comparison, geomagnetic storm},
         year = 2026,
        month = jun,
       volume = {53},
       number = {12},
          eid = {e2026GL123318},
        pages = {e2026GL123318},
     abstract = "{During the geomagnetic storm on 10 May 2024, neutral density
        measurements from 14 Tianmu, Swarm, and GRACE-FO satellites at
        {\ensuremath{\sim}}510 km altitude, combined with total electron
        content (TEC) observations, enabled the first global
        observational comparison of large-scale traveling atmospheric
        and ionospheric disturbances (LSTADs/TIDs) via snapshots and
        keograms. LSTADs/TIDs exhibited similar wavefronts aligned with
        geomagnetic latitude, spanning 90--180{\textdegree} in longitude,
        originating from auroral or cusp Joule heating regions on both
        day and night sides. They propagated along overlapping
        meridional trajectories at 450--1,100 m/s. LSTADs lag LSTIDs by
        {\ensuremath{\sim}}30 min due to the phase polarization and
        differing observation heights. Besides, rare instantaneous
        neutral density enhancements were detected at low to mid
        latitudes during storm onset. These findings provide near-
        continuous global observational insights into storm-time
        thermosphere-ionosphere wave coupling and demonstrate a feasible
        approach for future global LSTADs monitoring through empirical
        mode decomposition adaptive filtering of multi-satellite data.}",
          doi = {10.1029/2026GL123318},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026GeoRL..5323318W},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}