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Modeling the thermosphere as a driven-dissipative thermodynamic system

Frey, W. R., Lin, C. S., Garvin, M. B., and Acebal, A. O., 2014. Modeling the thermosphere as a driven-dissipative thermodynamic system. Space Weather, 12(3):132–142, doi:10.1002/2013SW001014.

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@ARTICLE{2014SpWea..12..132F,
       author = {{Frey}, W.~R. and {Lin}, C.~S. and {Garvin}, M.~B. and {Acebal}, A.~O.},
        title = "{Modeling the thermosphere as a driven-dissipative thermodynamic system}",
      journal = {Space Weather},
     keywords = {Thermosphere, Geomagnetic Storm, Satellite Drag},
         year = 2014,
        month = mar,
       volume = {12},
       number = {3},
        pages = {132-142},
     abstract = "{Thermospheric density impacts satellite position and lifetime through
        atmospheric drag. More accurate specification of thermospheric
        temperature, a key input to current models such as the High
        Accuracy Satellite Drag Model, can decrease model density
        errors. This paper improves the model of Burke et al. to model
        thermospheric temperatures using the magnetospheric convective
        electric field as a driver. In better alignment with Air Force
        satellite tracking operations, we model the arithmetic mean
        temperature, T$_{1/2}$, defined by the Jacchia model as the mean
        of the daytime maximum and nighttime minimum exospheric
        temperatures occurring in opposite hemispheres at a given time,
        instead of the exospheric temperature used by Burke et al. Two
        methods of treating the solar ultraviolet (UV) contribution to
        T$_{1/2}$ are tested. Two model parameters, the coupling and
        relaxation constants, are optimized for 38 storms from 2002 to
        2008. Observed T$_{1/2}$ values are derived from densities and
        heights measured by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
        satellite. The coupling and relaxation constants were found to
        vary over the solar cycle and are fit as functions of
        F$_{10.7a}$, the 162 day average of the F$_{10.7}$ index. Model
        results show that allowing temporal UV variation decreased model
        T$_{1/2}$ errors for storms with decreasing UV over the storm
        period but increased T$_{1/2}$ errors for storms with increasing
        UV. Model accuracy was found to be improved by separating storms
        by type (coronal mass ejection or co-rotating interaction
        region). The model parameter fits established will be useful for
        improving satellite drag forecasts.}",
          doi = {10.1002/2013SW001014},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014SpWea..12..132F},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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