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Regional differences of the ionospheric response to the July 2012 geomagnetic storm

Kuai, Jiawei, Liu, Libo, Lei, Jiuhou, Liu, Jing, Zhao, Biqiang, Chen, Yiding, Le, Huijun, Wang, Yungang, and Hu, Lianhuan, 2017. Regional differences of the ionospheric response to the July 2012 geomagnetic storm. Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics), 122(4):4654–4668, doi:10.1002/2016JA023844.

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@ARTICLE{2017JGRA..122.4654K,
       author = {{Kuai}, Jiawei and {Liu}, Libo and {Lei}, Jiuhou and {Liu}, Jing and {Zhao}, Biqiang and {Chen}, Yiding and {Le}, Huijun and {Wang}, Yungang and {Hu}, Lianhuan},
        title = "{Regional differences of the ionospheric response to the July 2012 geomagnetic storm}",
      journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Space Physics)},
     keywords = {ionospheric storms},
         year = 2017,
        month = apr,
       volume = {122},
       number = {4},
        pages = {4654-4668},
     abstract = "{The July 2012 geomagnetic storm is an extreme space weather event in
        solar cycle 24, which is characterized by a southward
        interplanetary geomagnetic field lasting for about 30 h below
        -10 nT. In this work, multiple instrumental observations,
        including electron density from ionosondes, total electron
        content (TEC) from Global Positioning System, Jason-2, and
        Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment, and the topside ion
        concentration observed by the Defense Meteorological Satellite
        Program spacecraft are used to comprehensively present the
        regional differences of the ionospheric response to this event.
        In the Asian-Australian sector, an intensive negative storm is
        detected near longitude 120{\textdegree}E on 16 July, and in the
        topside ionosphere the negative phase is mainly existed in the
        equatorial region. The topside and bottomside TEC contribute
        equally to the depletion in TEC, and the disturbed electric
        fields make a reasonable contribution. On 15 July, the positive
        storm effects are stronger in the Eastside than in the Westside.
        The topside TEC make a major contribution to the enhancement in
        TEC for the positive phases, showing the important role of the
        equatorward neutral winds. For the American sector, the
        equatorial ionization anomaly intensification is stronger in the
        Westside than in the Eastside and shows the strongest feature in
        the longitude 110{\textdegree}W. The combined effects of the
        disturbed electric fields, composition disturbances, and neutral
        winds cause the complex storm time features. Both the topside
        ion concentrations and TEC reveal the remarkable hemispheric
        asymmetry, which is mainly resulted from the asymmetry in
        neutral winds and composition disturbances.}",
          doi = {10.1002/2016JA023844},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRA..122.4654K},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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