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Soil Moisture Variability in India: Relationship of Land Surface-Atmosphere Fields Using Maximum Covariance Analysis

Pangaluru, Kishore, Velicogna, Isabella, A, Geruo, Mohajerani, Yara, Cirac\`ı, Enrico, Charakola, Sravani, Basha, Ghouse, and Rao, S. Vijaya Bhaskara, 2019. Soil Moisture Variability in India: Relationship of Land Surface-Atmosphere Fields Using Maximum Covariance Analysis. Remote Sensing, 11(3):335, doi:10.3390/rs11030335.

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@ARTICLE{2019RemS...11..335P,
       author = {{Pangaluru}, Kishore and {Velicogna}, Isabella and {A}, Geruo and {Mohajerani}, Yara and {Cirac{\`\i}}, Enrico and {Charakola}, Sravani and {Basha}, Ghouse and {Rao}, S. Vijaya Bhaskara},
        title = "{Soil Moisture Variability in India: Relationship of Land Surface-Atmosphere Fields Using Maximum Covariance Analysis}",
      journal = {Remote Sensing},
     keywords = {soil moisture, precipitation, temperature, total cloud cover, GRACE, total water storage, MCA analysis},
         year = 2019,
        month = feb,
       volume = {11},
       number = {3},
          eid = {335},
        pages = {335},
     abstract = "{This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of the soil
        moisture in India using Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-
        Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) gridded datasets from June 2002
        to April 2017. Significant relationships between soil moisture
        and different land surface-atmosphere fields (Precipitation,
        surface air temperature, total cloud cover, and total water
        storage) were studied, using maximum covariance analysis (MCA)
        to extract dominant interactions that maximize the covariance
        between two fields. The first leading mode of MCA explained
        56\%, 87\%, 81\%, and 79\% of the squared covariance function
        (SCF) between soil moisture with precipitation (PR), surface air
        temperature (TEM), total cloud count (TCC), and total water
        storage (TWS), respectively, with correlation coefficients of
        0.65, -0.72, 0.71, and 0.62. Furthermore, the covariance
        analysis of total water storage showed contrasting patterns with
        soil moisture, especially over northwest, northeast, and west
        coast regions. In addition, the spatial distribution of seasonal
        and annual trends of soil moisture in India was estimated using
        a robust regression technique for the very first time. For most
        regions in India, significant positive trends were noticed in
        all seasons. Meanwhile, a small negative trend was observed over
        southern India. The monthly mean value of AMSR soil moisture
        trend revealed a significant positive trend, at about 0.0158
        cm$^{3}$/cm$^{3}$ per decade during the period ranging from 2002
        to 2017.}",
          doi = {10.3390/rs11030335},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019RemS...11..335P},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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