Publications related to the GRACE Missions (no abstracts)

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Complex Principal Component Analysis of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance

Zhan, Jingang, Shi, Hongling, Wang, Yong, and Yao, Yixin, 2021. Complex Principal Component Analysis of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance. Remote Sensing, 13(3):480, doi:10.3390/rs13030480.

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@ARTICLE{2021RemS...13..480Z,
       author = {{Zhan}, Jingang and {Shi}, Hongling and {Wang}, Yong and {Yao}, Yixin},
        title = "{Complex Principal Component Analysis of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance}",
      journal = {Remote Sensing},
     keywords = {grace gravity satellite, El Ni{\~n}o, ice sheet mass balance, complex principal component analysis},
         year = 2021,
        month = jan,
       volume = {13},
       number = {3},
          eid = {480},
        pages = {480},
     abstract = "{Ice sheet changes of the Antarctic are the result of interactions among
        the ocean, atmosphere, and ice sheet. Studying the ice sheet
        mass variations helps us to understand the possible reasons for
        these changes. We used 164 months of Gravity Recovery and
        Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite time-varying solutions to
        study the principal components (PCs) of the Antarctic ice sheet
        mass change and their time-frequency variation. This assessment
        was based on complex principal component analysis (CPCA) and the
        wavelet amplitude-period spectrum (WAPS) method to study the PCs
        and their time-frequency information. The CPCA results revealed
        the PCs that affect the ice sheet balance, and the wavelet
        analysis exposed the time-frequency variation of the quasi-
        periodic signal in each component. The results show that the
        first PC, which has a linear term and low-frequency signals with
        periods greater than five years, dominates the variation trend
        of ice sheet in the Antarctic. The ratio of its variance to the
        total variance shows that the first PC explains 83.73\% of the
        mass change in the ice sheet. Similar low-frequency signals are
        also found in the meridional wind at 700 hPa in the South
        Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the
        equatorial Pacific, with the correlation between the low-
        frequency periodic signal of SSTA in the equatorial Pacific and
        the first PC of the ice sheet mass change in Antarctica found to
        be 0.73. The phase signals in the mass change of West Antarctica
        indicate the upstream propagation of mass loss information over
        time from the ocean-ice interface to the southward upslope,
        which mainly reflects ocean-driven factors such as enhanced ice-
        ocean interaction and the intrusion of warm saline water into
        the cavities under ice shelves associated with ice sheets which
        sit on retrograde slopes. Meanwhile, the phase signals in the
        mass change of East Antarctica indicate the downstream
        propagation of mass increase information from the South Pole
        toward Dronning Maud Land, which mainly reflects atmospheric
        factors such as precipitation accumulation.}",
          doi = {10.3390/rs13030480},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021RemS...13..480Z},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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