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Drought characterization over Indian sub-continent using GRACE-based indices

Rawat, Shivam, Ganapathy, Abinesh, and Agarwal, Ankit, 2022. Drought characterization over Indian sub-continent using GRACE-based indices. Scientific Reports, 12:15432, doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18511-2.

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@ARTICLE{2022NatSR..1215432R,
       author = {{Rawat}, Shivam and {Ganapathy}, Abinesh and {Agarwal}, Ankit},
        title = "{Drought characterization over Indian sub-continent using GRACE-based indices}",
      journal = {Scientific Reports},
         year = 2022,
        month = sep,
       volume = {12},
          eid = {15432},
        pages = {15432},
     abstract = "{Drought is a natural disaster affects water resources, agriculture, and
        social and economic development due to its long-term and
        frequent occurrence. It is crucial to characterize and monitor
        drought and its propagation to minimize the impact. However,
        spatiotemporal assessment of drought characteristics over India
        at the sub-basin scale based on terrestrial water storage is
        unexplored. In this study, the Terrestrial water storage
        anomalies (TWSA) obtained from a Gravity Recovery and Climate
        Experiment and precipitation data are used to characterize the
        propagation of drought. Combined Climatological Deviation Index
        (CCDI) and GRACE-Drought Severity Index (GRACE-DSI) were
        computed as CCDI utilizes both precipitation and TWSA data while
        GRACE-DSI uses only TWSA data. Our results showed that GRACE-DSI
        exhibits significant negative trends over most of the Indian
        sub-basins compared to CCDI, indicating that most of the drought
        events are due to depletion of TWS. While other sub-basins show
        changing trends for GRACE-DSI and CCDI. The number of sub-basins
        showing significant negative trends for GRACE-DSI is more than
        that for CCDI. Hence TWS is depleting for most of the subbasins
        in India. Our results show that Indo-Gangetic plains face many
        drought events during 2002-2004, 2009-2014 \& 2015-2017. Maximum
        drought duration and drought severity obtained for the area of
        North Ladakh (not draining into Indus basins) by GRACE-DSI are
        26 months (2002-2004) and {\ensuremath{-}} 44.2835,
        respectively. The maximum drought duration and drought severity
        obtained for the Shyok sub-basin by CCDI is 17 months
        (2013-2015) and {\ensuremath{-}} 13.4392, respectively. Monthly
        trend analysis revealed that 39 \& 23 no. of sub-basins show
        significant negative GRACE-DSI trends for October and CCDI for
        November, respectively. At the same time, the seasonal trend
        shows that total 34 and 14 sub-basins exhibited a significant
        negative trend at post-monsoon Kharif season for both the GRACE-
        DSI \& CCDI, respectively.}",
          doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-18511-2},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..1215432R},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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