GRACE and GRACE-FO Related Publications (no abstracts)

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Benefits and Pitfalls of GRACE and Streamflow Assimilation for Improving the Streamflow Simulations of the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model

Schulze, K., Kusche, J., Gerdener, H., Döll, P., and Müller Schmied, H., 2024. Benefits and Pitfalls of GRACE and Streamflow Assimilation for Improving the Streamflow Simulations of the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 16(10):e2023MS004092, doi:10.1029/2023MS004092.

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@ARTICLE{2024JAMES..1604092S,
       author = {{Schulze}, K. and {Kusche}, J. and {Gerdener}, H. and {D{\"o}ll}, P. and {M{\"u}ller Schmied}, H.},
        title = "{Benefits and Pitfalls of GRACE and Streamflow Assimilation for Improving the Streamflow Simulations of the WaterGAP Global Hydrology Model}",
      journal = {Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems},
     keywords = {data assimilation, GRACE, TWSA, WGHM, WaterGAP, streamflow},
         year = 2024,
        month = oct,
       volume = {16},
       number = {10},
          eid = {e2023MS004092},
        pages = {e2023MS004092},
     abstract = "{Distribution and change of freshwater resources is often simulated with
        global hydrological models. However, owing to process
        representation limitations and forcing data uncertainties, these
        model simulations have shortcomings. Combining them with
        observations via data assimilation, for example, with data from
        the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission or
        streamflow measured at in situ stations is considered to improve
        the realism of the simulations. We assimilate gridded total
        water storage anomaly (TWSA) from GRACE into the WaterGAP Global
        Hydrology Model (WGHM) over the Mississippi River basin via an
        Ensemble Kalman Filter. Our results agree with previous studies
        where assimilating GRACE observations nudges TWSA simulations
        closer to the observations, reducing the root mean square error
        (RMSE) by 21\% compared to an uncalibrated model. However,
        simulations of streamflow show degeneration at more than 90\% of
        all gauge stations for metrics such as RMSE and correlations;
        only the annual phase of simulated streamflow improves at half
        the stations. Therefore, for the first time, we instead
        assimilated streamflow observations into the WGHM, which
        improved simulated streamflow at up to nearly 80\% of the
        stations, with normalized RMSE showing improvements of up to
        0.1, while TWSA was well-simulated in all metrics. Combining
        both approaches, that is, jointly assimilating GRACE-derived
        TWSA and streamflow observations, leads to a trade-off between a
        good fit of both variables albeit skewed to the GRACE
        observations. Overall, we speculate that our findings point to
        limitations of process representation in WGHM hindering
        consistent flux simulation from the storage history, especially
        in dry regions.}",
          doi = {10.1029/2023MS004092},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2024JAMES..1604092S},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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