Publications related to the GRACE Missions (no abstracts)

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Temporal variations of the geoid and dynamic maintenance of height reference frame using surface mass loading and GRACE/GRACE-FO data

Xu, Pengfei, Jiang, Tao, Zhang, Chuanyin, Qu, Guoqing, Zhang, Hanwei, and Li, Wanqiu, 2025. Temporal variations of the geoid and dynamic maintenance of height reference frame using surface mass loading and GRACE/GRACE-FO data. Geophysical Journal International, 242(2):ggaf215, doi:10.1093/gji/ggaf215.

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@ARTICLE{2025GeoJI.242..215X,
       author = {{Xu}, Pengfei and {Jiang}, Tao and {Zhang}, Chuanyin and {Qu}, Guoqing and {Zhang}, Hanwei and {Li}, Wanqiu},
        title = "{Temporal variations of the geoid and dynamic maintenance of height reference frame using surface mass loading and GRACE/GRACE-FO data}",
      journal = {Geophysical Journal International},
         year = 2025,
        month = aug,
       volume = {242},
       number = {2},
          eid = {ggaf215},
        pages = {ggaf215},
     abstract = "{High-precision geoid models have traditionally been static, neglecting
        temporal variations. However, achieving geoid accuracy within
        1-2 cm and maintaining dynamic height reference frames
        necessitates consideration of geoid spatiotemporal variations.
        Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment/GRACE Follow-On
        (GRACE/GRACE-FO) and surface mass loading models provide means
        to estimate geoid changes, but their accuracy and reliability
        require further validation. This study proposes a method for
        dynamically maintaining regional height reference frames by
        integrating Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) reference
        stations as core nodes and incorporating time-varying geoid
        data. This method dynamically corrects station heights by
        computing normal height variations using GNSS observations and
        geoid changes. Experiments conducted in Beijing and Shandong
        derived geoid changes using GRACE/GRACE-FO and surface mass
        loading, validated against long-term GNSS observations and
        leveling surveys. Results show a strong correlation (R
        {\ensuremath{\approx}} 0.9; NSE > 0.4) between geoid changes
        derived from GRACE and surface mass loading, although amplitude
        discrepancies of up to 4 mm existed. In 41 experimental cases,
        accuracy improvement was observed in over 90 per cent of
        instances following geoid change corrections. In Beijing, 18 out
        of 26 results achieved accuracy improvements exceeding 20 per
        cent, five of which surpassed 90 per cent. In Shandong, 11 out
        of 15 results improved by over 10 per cent, including five
        exceeding 40 per cent. These findings confirm the feasibility
        and effectiveness of using GRACE/GRACE-FO and surface mass
        loading to estimate geoid changes. The proposed method
        significantly improves the accuracy of dynamic height reference
        frame maintenance, providing valuable insights for further
        refinement of geoid models.}",
          doi = {10.1093/gji/ggaf215},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025GeoJI.242..215X},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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