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Declining Freshwater Availability in the Colorado River Basin Threatens Sustainability of Its Critical Groundwater Supplies

Abdelmohsen, Karem, Famiglietti, James S., Ao, Yufei Zoe, Mohajer, Behshad, and Chandanpurkar, Hrishikesh A., 2025. Declining Freshwater Availability in the Colorado River Basin Threatens Sustainability of Its Critical Groundwater Supplies. Geophysical Research Letters, 52(10):e2025GL115593, doi:10.1029/2025GL115593.

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@ARTICLE{2025GeoRL..5215593A,
       author = {{Abdelmohsen}, Karem and {Famiglietti}, James S. and {Ao}, Yufei Zoe and {Mohajer}, Behshad and {Chandanpurkar}, Hrishikesh A.},
        title = "{Declining Freshwater Availability in the Colorado River Basin Threatens Sustainability of Its Critical Groundwater Supplies}",
      journal = {\grl},
     keywords = {groundwater depletion, groundwater sustainability, Colorado River basin, Arizona, remote sensing, GRACE},
         year = 2025,
        month = may,
       volume = {52},
       number = {10},
          eid = {e2025GL115593},
        pages = {e2025GL115593},
     abstract = "{The Colorado River Basin (CRB) is experiencing persistent aridification
        due to a complex interplay of natural and anthropogenic
        activities, resulting in significant groundwater depletion
        across the region. We used over two decades of NASA GRACE and
        GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) observations (April
        2002{\textendash}October 2024), land surface models and observed
        data, to document pronounced groundwater depletion in the CRB.
        We estimate that the CRB lost 52.2 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 4.0
        km$^{3}$ of terrestrial water storage over the study period, of
        which groundwater accounted for 65\% (34.3 {\ensuremath{\pm}}
        9.2 km$^{3}$). Of this, the Upper Basin lost 14.6
        {\ensuremath{\pm}} 3.5 km$^{3}$ of terrestrial water storage
        (53\% from groundwater, 7.8 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 5.3 km$^{3}$)
        while the Lower Basin lost 36.0 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 6.2 km$^{3}$
        of terrestrial water storage (71\% from groundwater, 25.5
        {\ensuremath{\pm}} 7.4 km$^{3}$). Progress toward groundwater
        sustainability could be achieved by reducing annual extraction
        in line with the annual depletion rates presented here (0.35
        km$^{3}$/yr in Upper Basin and 1.15 km$^{3}$/yr in the Lower
        Basin).}",
          doi = {10.1029/2025GL115593},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025GeoRL..5215593A},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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