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How well do the CMIP6 climate models capture terrestrial water storage variations in data-scarce basins originating from the high mountains of Asia?

Wang, Xiaoyan, Song, Chunqiao, Yang, Tao, Gu, Huanghe, Liu, Gang, and Zhan, Pengfei, 2025. How well do the CMIP6 climate models capture terrestrial water storage variations in data-scarce basins originating from the high mountains of Asia?. Journal of Hydrology, 661:133677, doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133677.

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BibTeX

@ARTICLE{2025JHyd..66133677W,
       author = {{Wang}, Xiaoyan and {Song}, Chunqiao and {Yang}, Tao and {Gu}, Huanghe and {Liu}, Gang and {Zhan}, Pengfei},
        title = "{How well do the CMIP6 climate models capture terrestrial water storage variations in data-scarce basins originating from the high mountains of Asia?}",
      journal = {Journal of Hydrology},
     keywords = {Terrestrial water storage, High-mountain Asian Basins with scarce data, CMIP6 climate models, The Bayesian model averaging method, GRACE},
         year = 2025,
        month = nov,
       volume = {661},
          eid = {133677},
        pages = {133677},
     abstract = "{Understanding the terrestrial water storage (TWS) change across high-
        mountain Asian (HMA) basins is critical to enhancing our
        capability to predict and adopt to future climate change impacts
        on water resources. Meanwhile, it is critically important to
        accurately represent the dynamics of the terrestrial water
        storage for global climate models. This study, for the first
        time, explored the modeling and prediction skill in TWS change
        across HMA basins with scarce data for CMIP6 climate models. TWS
        was generally overestimated in the south and underestimated in
        the northwest of the study area. Nonetheless, high positive
        correlation coefficients (CC, above 0.6) between most of model
        simulations and monthly GRACE observations were detected over
        the above regions. Climate models reproduced well the seasonal
        variation of the observed TWS in most basins. However, it was
        difficult to capture interannual variability in TWS for the
        individual model, with CC lower than 0.6 in most basins. Then a
        Bayesian model averaging (BMA)-based multi-model ensemble
        framework was constructed to predict TWS change across HMA
        basins with scarce data by 2060 under three scenarios (SSP1-2.6,
        SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). Our BMA-based TWS change estimation
        decreased the areal-mean normalized root mean square errors by
        0.35-0.77 and increased the areal-mean CC by 0.32-0.44 across
        HMA basins with scarce data for 2002-2020. Future projections of
        TWS under most scenarios show decreasing trends in two thirds of
        HMA basins with scarce data, where consistent sign of trends for
        TWS in the historical period and future scenarios was detected
        except for the Yangtze River basin. By contrast, consistent
        increases of TWS are projected for all seasons in basins of
        Qaidam, Inner Tibetan Plateau and Yellow River under future
        scenarios, where significantly increasing trends of projected
        TWS are also detected. The decreasing trend in projected TWS
        over a majority of the HMA basins with scarce data suggests the
        risk of water shortage is likely to be aggravated and adaptive
        water resources management is needed. This study enriches the
        information for TWS change over HMA basins and offers a helpful
        direction for local water resource protection.}",
          doi = {10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133677},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025JHyd..66133677W},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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