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How Urban Expansion and Climatic Regimes Affect Groundwater Storage in China's Major River Basins: A Comparative Analysis of the Humid Yangtze and Semi-Arid Yellow River Basins

Zhou, Weijing and Hao, Lu, 2025. How Urban Expansion and Climatic Regimes Affect Groundwater Storage in China's Major River Basins: A Comparative Analysis of the Humid Yangtze and Semi-Arid Yellow River Basins. Remote Sensing, 17(7):1292, doi:10.3390/rs17071292.

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@ARTICLE{2025RemS...17.1292Z,
       author = {{Zhou}, Weijing and {Hao}, Lu},
        title = "{How Urban Expansion and Climatic Regimes Affect Groundwater Storage in China's Major River Basins: A Comparative Analysis of the Humid Yangtze and Semi-Arid Yellow River Basins}",
      journal = {Remote Sensing},
     keywords = {urbanization, groundwater storage anomalies, contrasting climatic regimes, quantitative attribution},
         year = 2025,
        month = apr,
       volume = {17},
       number = {7},
          eid = {1292},
        pages = {1292},
     abstract = "{This study investigated and compared the spatiotemporal evolution and
        driving factors of groundwater storage anomalies (GWSAs) under
        the dual pressures of climate change and urban expansion in two
        contrasting river basins of China. Integrating GRACE and GLDAS
        data with multi-source remote sensing data and using attribution
        analysis, we reveal divergent urban GWSA dynamics between the
        humid Yangtze River Basin (YZB) and semi-arid Yellow River Basin
        (YRB). The GWSAs in YZB urban grids showed a marked increasing
        trend at 3.47 mm/yr (p < 0.05) during 2002{\textendash}2020,
        aligning with the upward patterns observed in agricultural land
        types including dryland and paddy fields, rather than exhibiting
        the anticipated decline. Conversely, GWSAs in YRB urban grids
        experienced a pronounced decline (‑5.59 mm/yr, p < 0.05),
        exceeding those observed in adjacent dryland regions (‑5.00
        mm/yr). The contrasting climatic regimes form the fundamental
        drivers. YZB's humid climate (1074 mm/yr mean precipitation)
        with balanced seasonality amplified groundwater recharge through
        enhanced surface runoff (+6.1\%) driven by precipitation
        increases (+7.4 mm/yr). In contrast, semi-arid YRB's water
        deficit intensified, despite marginal precipitation gains (+3.5
        mm/yr), as amplified evapotranspiration (+4.1 mm/yr) exacerbated
        moisture scarcity. Human interventions further differentiated
        trajectories: YZB's urban clusters demonstrated GWSA growth
        across all city types, highlighting the synergistic effects of
        urban expansion under humid climates through optimized drainage
        infrastructure and reduced evapotranspiration from impervious
        surfaces. Conversely, YRB's over-exploitation due to rapid
        urbanization coupled with irrigation intensification drove
        cross-sector GWSA depletion. Quantitative attribution revealed
        climate change dominated YZB's GWSA dynamics (86\%
        contribution), while anthropogenic pressures accounted for 72\%
        of YRB's depletion. These findings provide critical insights for
        developing basin-specific management strategies, emphasizing
        climate-adaptive urban planning in water-rich regions versus
        demand-side controls in water-stressed basins.}",
          doi = {10.3390/rs17071292},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025RemS...17.1292Z},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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