Publications related to the GRACE Missions (no abstracts)

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Ambiguity Resolution Strategy for GPS/LEO Integrated Orbit Determination Based on Regional Ground Stations

Liu, Xiao, Guo, Jing, Li, Junqiang, Xu, Shengyi, and Zhao, Qile, 2025. Ambiguity Resolution Strategy for GPS/LEO Integrated Orbit Determination Based on Regional Ground Stations. Remote Sensing, 17(9):1590, doi:10.3390/rs17091590.

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@ARTICLE{2025RemS...17.1590L,
       author = {{Liu}, Xiao and {Guo}, Jing and {Li}, Junqiang and {Xu}, Shengyi and {Zhao}, Qile},
        title = "{Ambiguity Resolution Strategy for GPS/LEO Integrated Orbit Determination Based on Regional Ground Stations}",
      journal = {Remote Sensing},
     keywords = {integrated precise orbit determination, LEO satellites, double-differenced ambiguity resolution, region network},
         year = 2025,
        month = apr,
       volume = {17},
       number = {9},
          eid = {1590},
        pages = {1590},
     abstract = "{Traditional high-precision satellite orbits rely on globally dense and
        evenly distributed ground tracking stations, while the accuracy
        of precise orbit determination (POD) based on a regional network
        cannot compare with that of a global network. Low Earth orbit
        (LEO) satellites can serve as space-based monitoring stations to
        compensate for this. In response to the current regional
        integrated POD that only resolves the ambiguities of ground
        stations, this paper proposes an ambiguity resolution (AR)
        strategy related to LEO satellites to enhance GPS orbit
        accuracy. A joint observation network is established using seven
        International GNSS Service (IGS) stations within China and 10
        LEO satellites, including GRACE-C/D, LuTan1-A/B, SWARM-A/B/C,
        Sentinel-3A/B, and Sentinel-6A. Experiments are conducted and
        analyzed from three aspects: independent baseline selection, the
        common view time, and the wide-lane (WL) threshold of double-
        differenced ambiguity. The ambiguity fixing strategy is
        determined to be a combination of inter-satellite and
        satellite{\textendash}ground baselines, a common view time of 5
        min, and a WL ambiguity threshold of 0.2 cycles. Taking the
        final products released by the IGS as the reference, the GPS
        orbit accuracy in the along-track, cross-track, radial, and 1D
        RMS is 3.23, 2.74, 2.36, and 2.89 cm, respectively, which
        represents improvements of 9.3\%, 12.5\%, 10.9\%, and 10.8\%
        compared with the solution that only fixes the ambiguities of
        ground stations. This result demonstrates that, in regional
        integrated POD, further implementation of LEO satellite-related
        ambiguity fixing significantly improves GPS orbit accuracy.
        Given the limitation that most LEO satellites can only receive
        GPS satellite signals, in the future, as more LEO satellites
        gain access to GNSS observations, the ambiguity fixing strategy
        presented in this paper can provide an effective and feasible
        approach.}",
          doi = {10.3390/rs17091590},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025RemS...17.1590L},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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