Publications related to the GRACE Missions (no abstracts)

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Refined GRACE/GFO-Derived Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly in Middle East Recovered by ICA-Based Forward Modeling Approach

Xiong, Yuhao, Feng, Wei, Chen, Jianli, Shen, Yingchun, Bai, Hongbing, Jiang, Zhongshan, and Zhong, Min, 2025. Refined GRACE/GFO-Derived Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly in Middle East Recovered by ICA-Based Forward Modeling Approach. Water Resources Research, 61(7):e2024WR039837, doi:10.1029/2024WR039837.

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@ARTICLE{2025WRR....6139837X,
       author = {{Xiong}, Yuhao and {Feng}, Wei and {Chen}, Jianli and {Shen}, Yingchun and {Bai}, Hongbing and {Jiang}, Zhongshan and {Zhong}, Min},
        title = "{Refined GRACE/GFO-Derived Terrestrial Water Storage Anomaly in Middle East Recovered by ICA-Based Forward Modeling Approach}",
      journal = {Water Resources Research},
     keywords = {Middle East (ME), GRACE/GFO, terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA), signal attenuation, leakage error, independent component analysis-based forward modeling (IFM)},
         year = 2025,
        month = jul,
       volume = {61},
       number = {7},
          eid = {e2024WR039837},
        pages = {e2024WR039837},
     abstract = "{The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission and its
        successor, GRACE Follow-On (GFO), effectively monitor
        terrestrial water storage anomaly (TWSA). However, their
        constrained spatial resolution imposes limitations, with leakage
        and attenuation potentially impacting the accuracy of regional
        TWSA. While GRACE/GFO observations capture the ongoing TWSA
        decline in the Middle East due to excessive groundwater
        extraction, the nearby Caspian Sea's long-term water loss,
        combined with the seasonal signals from the coastal sea,
        complicate accurate TWSA estimation through signal attenuation
        and leakage. To address these issues, we propose a combined
        approach, that is, independent component analysis (ICA)-based
        forward modeling (IFM), to discern and isolate the leakage
        effect and improve the recovery of TWSA signal. We demonstrate
        the impact of signal attenuation and leakage through simulation,
        and validate the effectiveness of IFM. This method is also
        confirmed through steric-corrected altimetry estimates in the
        Caspian Sea, Red Sea, and Persian Gulf, and further validated in
        Greenland and Victoria Lake. Our results show considerable
        leakage in GRACE/GFO TWSA estimates for Saudi Arabia and Iran.
        Leakage from the Red Sea and Persian Gulf introduces a 28.6\%
        bias in Saudi Arabia's TWSA trend, while leakage from the
        Caspian Sea results in a 36.4\% bias in Iran. After IFM
        recovery, the TWSA decline rates for Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and
        Iran are 11.48 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 0.32, 3.56 {\ensuremath{\pm}}
        0.44, and 7.75 {\ensuremath{\pm}} 0.45 km$^{3}$/yr,
        respectively. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of IFM
        in deriving refined TWSA signal, providing valuable insights for
        water resource management in arid regions.}",
          doi = {10.1029/2024WR039837},
       adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025WRR....6139837X},
      adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}

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