Mon Aug 24, F. Flechtner
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Jin, Zehui, Zhong, Min, Yang, Meng, and Feng, Wei, 2026. Differences and Causes of Interannual Variations of Global Mean Sea Level Between Two El Niño Events in 2014─2016 and 2023─2024. Journal of Geophysical Research (Oceans), 131(6):e2025JC023533, doi:10.1029/2025JC023533.
• from the NASA Astrophysics Data System • by the DOI System •
@ARTICLE{2026JGRC..13123533J,
author = {{Jin}, Zehui and {Zhong}, Min and {Yang}, Meng and {Feng}, Wei},
title = "{Differences and Causes of Interannual Variations of Global Mean Sea Level Between Two El Ni{\~n}o Events in 2014─2016 and 2023─2024}",
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research (Oceans)},
keywords = {sea level change, ENSO, ocean mass, steric sea level},
year = 2026,
month = jun,
volume = {131},
number = {6},
eid = {e2025JC023533},
pages = {e2025JC023533},
abstract = "{The interannual variation of global mean sea level is closely related to
El Ni{\~n}o-Southern Oscillation. During the 2014─2016 and
2023─2024 El Ni{\~n}o event development phases (October
2014─December 2015 and May 2023─December 2023, respectively),
the interannual component of global mean sea level rose by
approximately 9.16 and 7.70 mm, respectively. By combining
satellite gravimetry and Argo gridded products, we show that
barystatic sea level rise played a dominant role in the global
mean sea level budget during both events. Although the
barystatic sea level rise reached comparable magnitudes of 6.20
and 6.26 mm in the 2014─2016 and 2023─2024 development phases,
respectively, the 2023─2024 surge was significantly more rapid,
occurring over a much shorter duration. This accelerated rise
was primarily driven by terrestrial water storage depletion in
the America and Africa. Notably, South America exhibited a
significantly faster rate of storage loss during the development
phase of the 2023─2024 event compared to that of the 2014─2016
event. The steric sea level rise during the 2014─2016 and
2023─2024 development phases was 3.11 and 1.60 mm, respectively.
Further analysis indicates that the steric sea level rise during
the 2023─2024 development phase was predominantly driven by the
thermosteric component, with a substantial contribution
originating from the Indian Ocean. This regional anomaly was
likely driven by the simultaneous occurrence of a peak positive
Indian Ocean Dipole and El Ni{\~n}o.}",
doi = {10.1029/2025JC023533},
adsurl = {https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2026JGRC..13123533J},
adsnote = {Provided by the SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System}
}
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